We use this framework to assess existing data and to ask the question, “How many distinct primary structures of proteins (proteoforms) are created from the 20,300 human genes?” We also explore prospects for improving measurements to better regularize protein-level biology and efficiently ...
As far as your body is concerned there are two different types of amino acids: essential and non-essential. Non-essential amino acids are amino acids that your body can create out of other chemicals found in your body. Essential amino acids cannot be created, and therefore the only way to ...
Biological membranes exhibit various function-related shapes, and the mechanism by which these shapes are created is largely unclear. Here, we classify possible curvature-generating mechanisms that are provided by lipids that constitute the membrane bilayer and by proteins that interact with, or ...
Biological membranes exhibit various function-related shapes, and the mechanism by which these shapes are created is largely unclear. Here, we classify possible curvature-generating mechanisms that are provided by lipids that constitute the membrane bilayer and by proteins that interact with, or are em...
Antibodies are proteins that are responsible for binding to specific parts of pathogens known as epitopes. Once the antibodies bind to these epitopes, they trigger further immune responses and result in the elimination of the pathogenic cells. ...
How are proteins transported out of a cell? How do helper T-cells develop? How do cell parts work together? How are epithelial cells specialized? How do cells use food energy to grow and reproduce? How does the cell differentiation process work?
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Yet not all proteins are created equal. Protein is made up of amino acids, and the plants and meat we eat contain 20 varieties. Human bodies can synthesize almost half of these, but nine of the essential amino acids we simply can’t make: they have to come from the food we eat. And...
Then I remembered reading somewhere that not all proteins are created equal, so I got to thinking about whether or not I had used the right protein. This led me to do some digging and I found that there are several different types of proteins, each with different functions when applied to...
Subpopulations of soluble, misfolded proteins can bypass chaperones within cells. The extent of this phenomenon and how it happens at the molecular level are unknown. Through a meta-analysis of the experimental literature we find that in all quantitative protein refolding studies there is always a ...