The molecular defects that comprise the Hanahan and Weinberg hallmarks of cancer, in this view, are specific mechanisms that cancer cells use to become noncooperators, but defining cancer more broadly as a failure of cooperation provides a comprehensive framework to understand the disease, one that...
This practice of “cancer reversion” is a relatively new therapeutic approach to cancer and a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies. It aims to revert cancer cells into their differentiated and non-cancerous state by inducing the re-expression of these genes. To do this, the ...
The actions of regulatory T cells constitute one mechanism of peripheral tolerance. Type 1 diabetes A chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by the T-cell-mediated destruction of β-cells (which secrete insulin) in the pancreas. Individuals with type 1 diabetes develop hyperglycaemia and ...
Cancers are a group of related diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. While normally cells experience a natural process of division, growth, and death, cancer cells survive and interrupts this process. This can result in congregations of cancer cells called tumors that...
Epithelioid cells are the most common mesothelioma cell type. Epithelioid mesothelioma cells are characterized by a single nucleus, a rectangular shape, and slow growth. Oncologists (cancer doctors) also refer to this cell type as epithelial mesothelioma. With epithelioid mesothelioma, the tumor cells...
Apoptosis has been established as a mechanism of anti-cancer defense. Members of the BCL-2 family are critical mediators of apoptotic cell death in health and disease, often found to be deregulated in cancer and believed to lead to the survival of malign
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as critical mediators of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME), profoundly influencing cancer progression. These nano-sized vesicles, released by both tumor and stromal cells, carry a di
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MicroRNA-19a/b regulates multidrug resistance in human gastric cancer cells by targeting PTEN. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 434, 688–694 (2013). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Zhu, W. et al. miR-497 modulates multidrug resistance of human cancer cell lines by targeting BCL2. Med....
another. Despite having the same genetic material, different cells do not have the same postcode. The wrong postcode will cause a cell to die. When a cell breaks away from its proper location, it will self-destruct. This helps protect the body from cancer, which can result from a ...