How are nucleotides related to amino acids? How do mRNA and tRNA work together during protein synthesis? Problem 1. Convert the DNA into a mRNA. Decode the mRNA into a sequence of amino acids. Then convert the sequence into a single letter code. 3 A T G A G T A C T A ...
Learn what the two main types of nucleic acids are, what they are made of, and why they are so important to every living thing on the planet. Related to this Question How are the structures of RNA and DNA similar? How does RNA differ from DNA in structure?
A seven-amino-acid motif ‘abcdefg’ where a and d are hydrophobic. Antigenic drift The accumulation of amino acid substitutions that reduce antibody binding. Apical surface The surface of a polarized cell that faces the lumen or external environment. Type 1 alveolar pneumocytes Surface epithelial ...
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive
In recent years, the RNA molecule became one of the most promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Currently, a large number of RNA-based therapeutics are being investigated both at the basic research level and in late-stage clinical trials. Some of them are even already approved for treatm...
Transfer RNAs (tRNA) are the RNAs that “read” the genetic code and translate it into a sequence ofamino acidsto make a protein. The addition of a chemical tag—a methyl sulfur group—to a particular location on some tRNAs improves their ability to translate messenger RNA into prote...
The building materials are amino acids. The construction workers are ribosomes and transfer RNA molecules. Let's look at each phase of the new construction more closely. In a eukaryote, DNA never leaves the nucleus, so its information must be copied. This copying process is called transcription...
Many cellular IRESs are activated upon stress, whereas some are required in regular physiological conditions. Cellular IRESs tend to integrate or interact with RNA chaperones, upstream open reading frames and/or G-quadruplex structures for function. The initiation factor eIF3 can have a specialized ...
Evidence for most enzymes studied to date supports a substrate assisted catalysis model (7). In this model, conserved amino acids at the catalytic site bind Mg2+ and position it near the scissile phosphate. Hydrolysis begins by in-line nucleophilic attack of an activated water molecule. The ...
2. Detection and elimination of vRNA Despite the fact that the molecular composition of RNA is universal throughout life kingdoms, host immune pathways are able to differentiate and recognize non-self nucleic acids based on specific features, structures and modifications. Moreover, despite the molecu...