but it appears they are intended to serve similar purposes. To some extent, they are intended to deter people from engaging in drug-related and other criminal activity. They may also be intended to punish individuals for engaging in undesirable...
The Parental Attitudes Measure (PAM; Lamborn et al.,1991) was created in response to calls for research that emphasized the interactive effects of different dimensions of parental behavior, namely the parental warmth and acceptance with parental control or strictness. Before the development of the ...
Measuring ACE in childhood enables us to see how children are being affectedas they are developingand to identify ways across the child-family-environmental systems to mitigate the impact. However, exactly how to modify the traditional scale for young children, what it should include, and how it...