Households with an income of less than $25,000 were more likely to experience job loss and have no work in comparison to those with higher incomes (Table S1-7). Those without health insurance coverage overall ha
A household's income can be calculated in various ways but the US Census as of 2009 measured it in the following manner: the income of every resident of that house that is over the age of 15, including pre-tax wages and salaries, along with any pre-tax personal business, investment, or...
We first estimate the impact on household income as a result of the lockdown. We see a large fall in income driven by lower crops sales, enterprise profits and labour income. Households can cope with this loss of income by reducing expenditures, using savings and increasing credit, increasing...
While nearly 70% of households with incomes above 185% of the federal poverty line are in the mix cluster. Supermarket and superstore availability significantly influenced the likelihood of belonging to those clusters respectively, while having a child, higher income, and attitudes towards healthy ...
Second, is indirectly, as households with higher income can afford more electrical appliances, the ownership and use of which increase the demand for electricity. To capture both these effects, we first model the probability that a household buys an appliance, and second, model the demand for ...
for extremely cold regions where heat pumps are less efficient, heat pumps with backup (resistance or gas) heaters would be a reasonable choice. Last, our study reveals the inequalities, as a fraction of household income, associated with variations in incremental clean heating costs, given existing...
out to understand the percentage differences between the school attendance of boys and girls. To estimate the gender gap in educational expenses, we used the percentage relative gap (PRG) in the average annual educational spending, which is a crude measure of the gender gap and is defined as:...
Credit conditions are defined as the flow of credit to the domestic private sec- tor as a percentage of GDP. An increase in credit supply is expected to reduce sav- ing rates, since households can more easily borrow to offset negative income shocks and can thus reduce the holdings of ...
income is collected through the question C26 in the village questionnaire, which asks: “What was the total fiscal revenue of the village collective last year?” Clan size is collected through the question C6.1 in the village questionnaire, which asks: “What percentage of the total population ...
Household Air Pollution (HAP) from burning biomass fuels is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in low-income settings worldwide. Little is known about the differences in objective personal HAP exposure by age and gender. We measured personal exposure to HAP across six groups defined by age...