Plaques from Mesopotamia and correspondence between kings 4000 years ago show that horses were being ridden with reins going to a nose ring and riders sitting near the rump—techniques sometimes used today for donkeys. Both techniques probably were first adopted from oxen and donkeys, but they were...
Enlarged lymph nodes, corneal opacity, keratitis, and urticarial plaques also occur during infection. Nervous signs are similar to those that occur in horses during the late stages of T. evansi infection but, in addition to the CNS involvement that occurs in horses with T. evansi infection, ...