The changes in hormonal milieu associated with menarche, pregnancy, lactation, and menopause are frequently accompanied by changes in the patterns and frequency of migraine. Migraine headache is more common in females and, for many women, the onset of this condition occurs at menarche. As many as...
Susceptibility to SE in women is related to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle phases4. Traditionally, in the follicular phase, oestrogen is produced, a hormone classified as a proconvulsant as it reduces the convulsive threshold. In contrast, in the luteal phase, progesterone, a horm...
In those at increased risk of thrombosis who require estrogen for symptom management, transdermal or intravaginal routes are preferred. A meta-analysis of 15 observational studies showed oral estrogen therapy to be associated with increased risk of a first episode of VTE in postmenopausal women when ...
(Data fromVan Cauter E, Leproult R, Plat L. Age-related changes in slow wave sleep and REM sleep and relationship with growth hormone and cortisol levels in healthy men. JAMA 2000;284:861.) Older women have more frequent and important subjective sleep complaints than men,18–20and the ...
In the WHI, HRT with conjugated equine estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate increased the incidence of CVD instead, particularly in women older than 60 years of age, although women who started HRT soon after menopause tended to have a decreased risk for coronary heart disease.50 Additional ...
If you are in your late 30s or early/mid 40s, you may start noticing certain changes in your body and mood. For women, common first symptoms of hormonal change include irregular menstrual cycle or menstrual flow as well as depression, irritability and anxiety. For men, common first symptoms...
Is it anything more than your age just increasing over the years? A lot more, to be honest! You must have noticed various changes in your body and also your voice when you entered your teenage. Why does all that happen? In this chapter, we will cover adolescence and puberty. This will...
The risk of subfertility increases from 10% to 30% when women are over 35 years of age. This is of particular importance nowadays, as an increasing number of women delay pregnancy until the age when natural female fertility is in decline, due to a higher number of chromosomal aberrations in...
As for clotting disorders, nearly 60% of the women surveyed had no knowledge of these conditions. When asked whether they knew about clotting disorders BEFORE they took birth control pills that number increases considerably. Over 80% of women were taking a medication without the knowledge that the...
Men and women differ in their response to cocaine, and a woman's response varies with the menstrual cycle. For example, women have greater subjective responses to cocaine in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle when estradiol is predominant, than they do during the luteal phase when both...