for oligopoly.” Besides horizontal mergers, Eis (1969) found that vertical and product- extension mergers also became more common during this wave. The third wave occurred in the 1960s and marked an era of conglomerate mergers. Passage of the Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950 closed a loophole in...
The immediate and most dramatic way for a company to expand its size and influence market structure is to purchase another company. Historical examples abound. In the late 1800s, Standard Oil Company gained a 90% share of the petroleum market by purchasing more than 120 competitors. In the ...
Seen from an existing firm in a given value chain, vertical integration may be directed forward towards the consumer side or backwards towards the supplier side, and it may cover one or several steps in the value chain. Furthermore integration may also occur in many degrees, ranging from full...
Thesaurus Medical Financial Wikipedia Related to horizontal merger:Vertical Merger,Conglomerate merger hor′izon′tal merg′er n. the purchase by a company of a competitor or of a company dealing in similar products or services. Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dicti...
With a sample of 259 horizontal and vertical mergers in mining and manufacturing industries, of which 76 were challenged by the government under claims they ‘monopolized’ product markets, we find that the collusion hypothesis is generally rejected by the data. Rather, the evidence is consistent ...
The distinction between horizontal and vertical integration is that the former occurs among similar competitors, while the latter occurs between companies at different stages in the value chain.
Enterprise Systems and the Likelihood of Horizontal, Vertical, and Conglomerate Mergers and Acquisitions This paper examines the relationship between enterprise systems (ES) and the likelihood of mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The key argument is that since E... C Cao,G Ray,M Subramani,... -...
Foreign direct investment refers to an investment established in a state/country by a business entity or individual based in a different country. The various forms of foreign direct investments include vertical, conglomerate, and horizontal foreign direct investments....
Do Vertical Mergers Encourage Innovation? Vertical mergers can have both positive and negative effects on innovation. On one hand, integrating different stages of the value chain may foster collaboration and information sharing, potentially leading to improved product development and innovation. On the ot...
and E.U. Antitrust Law 2012: Economics-based Legal Analyses of Mergers, Vertical Practices, and Jo... Its analysis of conglomerate mergers (1) shows that they can perform the same legitimate and competition-increasing functions as horizontal mergers and can ... RS Markovits 被引量: 0发表:...