Downhole instruments are used to determine the azimuth and orientation of the drilling. This information is used to steer the drill bit. Horizontal drilling is expensive. When combined with hydraulic fracturing, a well can cost up to three times as much per foot as drilling a vertical well. ...
Although horizontal wells are expensive compared to vertical wells, they are preferred due to higher oil and gas production. When combined with hydraulic fracturing, it is estimated that horizontal drilling can cost many times more per foot than vertical drilling. Horizontal drilling is used to reach...
The simulator provided an efficient tool to determine combined effects of mechanical, hydraulic, and cuttings transport variables on the drilling cost per foot. A solution from simultaneous optimization of weight on bit, rotary speed, flow rate, nozzle diameters, drilling fluid viscosity and density,...
A trunk can be a directional or a horizontal well. Advantages of multilateral wells: Multilateral wells have the following advantages: • Cut initial cost of drilling first VS and surface facilities. • Minimize drilling equipment. • Increase production due to increase reservoir contact. • ...
Several restraints exist for drilling petroleum resources on the continental shelfs under oceans and seas. Among these are: (1) the very expensive platforms for vertical or directional drilling using the normal drilling modes. (2) The high cost and safety hazards of transporting and maintaining men...
Underbalanced drilling techniques were used to prevent formation damage. The well design resulted in a significant cost savings per horizontal foot compared with 24 offset wells that the operator drilled. This paper reviews well planning and drilling and emphasizes techniques used to intersect thin ...
Traces that are conductive (dark) have been invaded with drilling mud, and these are inferred to be open. Fractures that are dominantly resistive are interpreted to be closed. Images alone are insufficient to determine the reason for closed fractures; they could be filled by a precipitated ...
While horizontal wells have been known for many years, only relatively recently have such wells been determined to be a cost effective alternative (or at least companion) to conventional vertical well drilling. Although drilling a horizontal well costs substantially more than its vertical counterpart,...
The guidance system is low-cost, and a small-workspace is required. The image processing technology and auto-focus method applied in this system promoted guidance automation, which freed machine operators from monitoring the screen all the time to estimate the deflection and to focus the target. ...