Horizontal cracks, bulging, or wall leaning is sometimes due to damage during construction, a condition that's actually pretty easy to recognize. Here we will describe the types & causes of horizontal cracks in the mortar joints of a concrete block wall or foundation wall that is damaged during...
Buildings with load-bearing structures made of hollow clay blocks with horizontal holes and cement-based mortar are quite common in Italy [1,2,3,4]. Nowadays, this construction technique is only used for non-structural elements in new buildings with reinforced concrete-bearing structures, but from...
The wastewater lagoon bottom and walls are made of concrete. Since the value of the heat transfer coefficient for the concrete between wastewater and soil does not exist in the literature, in this study this value was quantified numerically using finite element analysis. The result of the ...