History of energy use: This graph illustrates the history of energy use in the United States between 1775 and 2009. It traces the quantity of energy consumed in the form of wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydroelectric power and nuclear in quadrillions of BTU. This allows the energy ...
This chapter discusses the history of nuclear energy. The science of atomic radiation, atomic change, and nuclear fission was developed from 1895 to 1945, much of it in the last six of those years. From 1939 to 1945, most development was focused on the atomic bomb. From 1945, attention ...
From the beginnings of the U.S. nuclear weapons program, military and civilian dual- agency judgment has been fundamental to achieving nuclear weapon and weapon system safety. This interaction was initiated by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, which created the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). The ...
History Associates Incorporated,Guide to Archival Collections Relating to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapon Testing, 4th edition, November 1985. Copies available from History Division, US Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Google Scholar Margaret Gowing,Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939–1945(Londo...
Nuclear history always compels. Scholars (and readers) can immerse themselves in the existential threat posed by the atomic bomb and its successor weapons, the tantalizing prospect of carbon-free energy, or the study of a natural phenomenon deeply at odds with our everyday experience of the world...
physicists: not only the classic paper by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch that described uranium fission, but others including a string of papers by Hans von Halban, Frédéric Joliot and Lew Kowarski, who in 1939 established the possibility of nuclear chain reactions and nuclear energy production. ...
nuclear powerheavy waterSwedenWest GermanyFrom the late 1960s on, light-water designs dominated the market for nuclear reactors in most Western countries. Up to that point in time, many national governments, scientists and industrialists had favoured the rival concepts of heavy-water and graphite-...
Untold Stories of American History After Confederate Forces Captured Their Children, These Black Mothers Fought to Reunite Their Families During the Civil War, Confederates targeted free Black people in the North, kidnapping them to sell into slavery. After the conflict ended, two women sought help...
China Claims It Has a Converged Energy Beam Weapon China’s Mini Aircraft Carrier Is Truly Innovative China Just Unveiled Two Sixth-Gen Fighter Jets Anti-Drone Weapons That Terrify America’s Enemies Is China’s New Stealth Fighter a Copy of the F-35?
Pax: War and Peace in Rome's Golden Age by British historian Tom Holland is now out in both in the US and the UK. It's the third book in a trilogy that started with Rubicon, about Julius Caesar and the last years of the Roman Republic, and then went on to Dynasty, covering the ...