This was Victorian London, the capital city of England and the seat of the largest empire in the world. For most of this period London was still filthy, Cholera and TB were endemic, life expectancy only some 20 years and crime was out of control. Population growth was partly to blame (...
Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI) at an international conference in Beijing on March 15, 2023. As the GCI reaches its first anniversary — a moment observed by its champions and detractors worldwide ...
The other version of interest rates in the annuity world is mortality credits based on life expectancy. What are those mortality rates? Meaning how long is the annuity company expecting you to live because that's what they will price their lifetime income guarantees on. And mortality credits ar...
Factors contributing to this trend include increased usage of digital devices and gadgets, as well as lifestyle changes leading to eye disorders such as presbyopia, cataracts, and eye strain. According to estimates, approximately 2.5 billion people worldwide have some form of refractive error, with...
Slightly more than a century later, the world's healthiest countries now have a life expectancy at birth of around 80 years. Thus, roughly half of the historical increase in human life expectancy occurred during the twentieth century. Of course, much of the increase in this average value has...
life expectancy and reproduction within marriage. Employing cause of death estimates and Hutterite index measures for the proportion of women married and the level of their reproduction within marriage, historical demographers have developed tentative answers to demographic transition queries. Historical demogr...
The G.I. Bill, which provided life-changing education and housing benefits to millions of World War II veterans, excluded nearly 1 million Black veterans, perpetuating the racial wealth gap and worsening health disparities.
However, it remains unclear what the effects of a military career are on the life trajectory of personnel after retiring from service. This study compared life expectancy among retired military personnel (RMP) to their sex and birth cohort-specific reference populations. Methods: For this historical...
The main objection to Dilthey's theory of historical understanding was clearly stated, and addressed, by Gadamer inTruth and Method(1986). Dilthey had said that we understand other people's actions on the basis of our general knowledge of life in the world. Gadamer pointed out that often the...
For present purposes, life cycle wealth is not important; the interested reader will find a discussion in Lee (1994) or Lee and Mason (2011b). Results for 40 NTA countries as well as two hunter-gatherer groups are shown in Fig. 4. They are grouped by world region and ranked by per ...