Summary: In this paper we examine the difference between model checking high-level and low-level models. In particular, we compare the ProB model checker for the B-method and the Spin model checker for Promela. While Spin has a dramatically more efficient model checking engine, we show that ...
STRAND, J. 2012. Low-level versus high-level equilibrium in public utility services. Journal of Public Economics, 96, 163-172.Strand, Jon (2012), Low-Level and High-Level Equilibrium in Public Utility Services. Journal of Public Economics, 96, 163-172....
Effects of Low- Versus High-Fidelity Simulations on the Cognitive Burden and Performance of Entry-Level Paramedicine Students: A Mixed-Methods Comparison T... High-fidelity simulation-based training is often avoided for early-stage students because of the assumption that while practicing newly learned...
Event recognition is often formulated as a one-versus-all manner based on low-level representations, where a two-class SVM is trained to classify each event. For two-class SVM, the decision function for a feature vector\(\mathbf x \)of a test video has the following form: $$\begin{alig...
The expression pattern of VISTA was compared, using the TCGA dataset, to the expression of three critical immune checkpoints (Tim-3,LAG-3,PD-1) known for being highly expressed in advanced versus low glioma grades22,23,24. Indeed, high glioma grades showed significantly higherPD-1,Tim-3and...
Standard lipid concentrations are not only a marker of nutritional status but also a biomarker of infection and the degree of inflammation that may play a pathophysiological role. A high triglyceride level associated with a low HDL-C concentration must be considered as a marker of a poor prognosis...
The notion that greater learning outcomes will be achieved if the cognitive work is distributed amongst a group of individuals working together versus working alone has received mixed support when explored empirically (e.g., Daiute & Dalton 1993; Johnson & Johnson, 1991). This study examined the...
6.6 ± 1.1 versus 4.3 ± 0.7 mg/L in the low NO3-N treatment. Ultraviolet transmittance (UVT) was significantly lower within the high NO3-N treatment, reflecting the decreased water clarity related to TSS. Davidson et al. (2009) provided an overview regarding recommended limits for suspended...
To measure the expected stimulus pattern dissimilarity based on known responses in visual cortex, we ran the stimulus images through HMAX and obtained values from level S1, a model designed to reflect simple cell activity in primate primary visual cortex (V1), discriminating low level features in...
Univariate analysis identified advanced FIGO stage (as a continuous variable), as well as the presence of any postoperative visible residual disease (versus only microscopic), ECOG and high RPV (versus medium/low), as significant factors for relapse. In multivariable analysis, three factors retained...