It is shown that specular HLCs, i.e., clouds consisting of predominantly horizontally oriented ice crystals, significantly decrease the flux of scattered solar radiation incident on the Earth's surface from the near-zenith sky as compared to HLCs with the same optical depth but a chaotic orientation of particles.doi:10.1134/S102485...
Estimates of the effects of clouds on solar energy rarely include cirriform clouds. These high ice clouds are usually not included in cloud cover estimates because of the difficulty of direct, human detection. Lidar studies and aircraft observations show that cirrus is frequently present. The atten...
The Earth receives energy from the Sun in the form of solar radiation. Earth and its atmosphere reflect about 55% of the radiation and absorb the remaining 45%, converting it to heat. The Earth, in turn, radiates energy, and this outgoing radiation is terrestrial radiation. It is evident ...
In addition, the chemical configuration of rainwater is directly related to different factors such as native radiations, contaminant transportation, climatic situations, and the size of the drop. Atmospheric particles play a critical role in forming clouds and rain and influence energy distribution in ...
[1999] from in situ airborne measurements during the Smoke/Sulfates, Clouds and Radiation-Brazil campaign [Kaufman et al., 1998]. By the same token, one would expect to see a good correlation, but of opposite sign, between α and the AOT for dust aerosols since dust particles are larger ...
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Today, however, solar provides less than one percent of the world's energy, primarily because the cost of the panels is still very high. And price is only one issue. Clouds and darkness also cause solar panels to produce less energy, which requires one to have additional ...
The condition on the red band accounts for self, cast, or cloud shadows, while the threshold on the SWIR1 band helps to distinguish clouds (that may have a high NDSI) from snow. In agreement with Dozier (1989), the exact values of these individual band thresholds is not critical and we...
which can only be measured unambiguously through direct imaging of the emitting clouds. These outflows are also variable in time, revealing a complex dynamics that reflect the black hole activity, the launching mechanism of the flow and the surrounding/confining medium. XRI will be able to easily...
By introducing the flipping of heterogeneous signal data and spatiotemporal spectral integration fusion (Kim et al., 2012; Pipia et al., 2019), we can effectively overcome noise interference from clouds and fog in optical signals. This will enable us to accurately perceive surface radiation ...