Question To determine long-term vegetation changes in revisitation studies, it is crucial to know how much of measured species turnover over time can be attributed to pseudo-turnover (i.e. turnover caused by im
Inductive Bias: The UNet architecture of DMs is particularly effective for data with spatial structure, reducing the need for aggressive compression. Versatility: The latent space can be used to train multiple generative models and for downstream applications like single-image CLIP-guided synthesis. Det...
Statistically bias-corrected and downscaled climate models underestimate the adverse effects of extreme heat on U.S. maize yields Article Open access 20 September 2021 Data availability All data supporting the simulation and analysis in this study are publicly available from open sources. The histor...
CCAFS-Climate was produced by bias-correcting the original GCM outputs using spatial interpolation of the anomalies or deltas (differences between future and current climates). To this aim, anomalies (‘deltas’) are first calculated using GCM output as the difference between future and historical ...
We reported that twenty-two of the articles had either a high risk of bias or major concern regarding applicability, while just two articles had low risk of bias and no concerns regarding applicability. The study by Merouani et al. could not be evaluated, as the development of the model ...
Second, recall bias may impact sleep timing and sleep duration, since these were self-reported; however, if recall bias is present, this is likely a nondifferential misclassification, which would lead to an underestimation of the risk estimate. Third, we did not record information on sleep ...
The low energy production bias therefore leads to a high bias in energy shortfall. As was found for EC-Earth, ensemble mean energy shortfall is relatively constant throughout the year (5.8 TWh day−1), the 1-in-10 year high shortfall event selection threshold is 8.4 TWh day−1 (...
We will provide a short, rather non-technical introduction to boosting in the next section. Stability selection, which controls the per-family error rate, will be introduced, and we also give an overview on common error rates and some guidance on the choice of the parameters in stability selec...
Because Stage IV hourly data availability on the West Coast is generally under 60%, the evaluation extent is confined to the Midwest and the eastern U.S. There is a systematic bias (>10%; underestimation) for precipitation between Stage IV and CTL, partly due to imperfect physical schemes, ...
We used this method for benchmarking simulations to avoid bias in measuring precision owing to the presence of duplicated cells (Fig. 1b–d, Extended Data Figs. 4–6 and Supplementary Figs. 2–4). Simulation framework To evaluate the accuracy and robustness of CytoSPACE (Fig. 1b), we ...