Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), a pro-fibrosis cytokine in the liver, is secreted from activated Kupffer cells (KCs) [14,15]. TGF-β signaling has been proposed as a therapeutic target in the NAFLD patients and animal models [16,17]. TGF-β blocker was reported to alleviate NA...
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2016, 17, 1535 2 of 17 Keywords: diabetic nephropathy; Inonotus obliquus; polysaccharides; renal fibrosis; advanced glycation end products (AGE); NF-κB; TGF-β 1. Introduction Diabetic mellitus (DM) is the most serious chronic disease in the world, and approximately 90% of diabetic patients ...
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