STRUCTURE is more robust than other clustering methods in simulated mixed-ploidy populations iTunes | Google Podcasts | Overcast | Download 8th January 2020 Tristyly: A most complex marriage arrangement Charles Darwin described it as the most complex mating system in the natural world. Famed ...
We tested the effects of geographic and environmental distances on genetic distances using the same uncorrelated environmental variables described above for the SuperSOM method. We calculated these effects as linear geographic distances and uncorrected genetic distances in adegenet in R. We then estimated...
Second, data on the extent to which parasitic wasps adjust their sex ratio in response to host size, as described above (see Figure 1a), support the idea that more extreme sex ratio shifting is seen in more predictable environments. In some species (idiobionts) females kill the host at ov...
If the Y chromosomes of dioecious Silenes are actively degenerating, Y-linked genes are predicted to have reduced diversity, and we can use patterns of diversity at non-degenerated loci (such as those just described) to test for selective sweeps. In samples from several S. latifolia and S. ...
The ability to self-sustain is one of the essential properties of life. However, a consistent and satisfying definition of self-sustainability is still missing. Currently, self-sustainability refers to either “no-intervention by a higher entity” or “r
B.so far as C.in case D.even if 点击查看答案 第5题 What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A.Best translation should be the intent of t What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A.Best translation should be the intent of the original statement. B.A dictionary translatio...
2019). Overall, wolf recolonization in Germany can be described as a rapidly ongoing natural expansion, starting from the initial core area in Eastern Germany close to the Polish border with subsequent colonization in a north-westerly direction (Reinhardt et al. 2019). Wolf expansion in Germany ...
Implementation of the p0(k) function in R is provided in the ‘Data availability’ section. Stickleback linkage maps The crossover frequencies and locations were estimated from the linkage maps described in Kivikoski et al. (2021). For the nine-spined stickleback, high-density linkage maps (22...
radiata were originally described as different species based on shell morphology (Gmelin 1791; Barnes 1823) and their distinction is supported by internal morphology (Kat 1986). Even though both species are found in lakes and rivers they inhabit slightly different habitats. In this study, searches ...
The total phenotypic variance for handedness was described as:VP = VA + VR, whereVAis the additive genetic effect andVRis the residual variance. The heritability (h2) of a phenotypic trait is defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance that is attributable to additive genetic effec...