Natural herbicide resistance has evolved in nine of the world's ten most weedy species (Table 3). Table 2. Prevalence of herbicide-resistant weed species, grouped by herbicide mode of action HRAC/WSSAMode of actionExampleNumber of resistant weed species B/2 ALS inhibitors Chlorsulfuron 73 C1...
of thousands of molecules screened for herbicidal activity every year. The website of the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee has listed most of these compounds by their mode of action or molecular target site (http://hracglobal.com/tools/world-of-herbicides-map). A vast amount of effort ...
1 The rationale of resistance-gene-directed discovery of a natural herbicide with a new mode of action. a, Phylogenetic tree of DHAD among bacteria, fungi and plants. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the neighbour-joining method (MEGA7). Scale-bar units represent the number of ...
However, it is not enough to simply establish the concentration-response relationship between herbicides and phytoplankton primary productivity to assess the extent of herbicide effects on primary productivity in coastal waters, which is closely related to the residual status of herbicides in the coastal ...
Mode of Action Kixor is a potent inhibitor of chlorophyll biosynthesis resulting in a rapid buildup of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation of the cellular membranes. This results in a rapid loss of membrane integrity leading to cellular leakage, tissue necrosis and, ultimately, plant...
In cases where LD50 values of AIs were missing, LD50 values of closely related substances were assumed as substitutes (e.g., ioxynil octanoate instead of ioxynil) or available LD50 values listed in the section “unknown” mode of exposure in the PPDB were taken (e.g., iron sulphate for ...
[0003] There are many classes of herbicides that may be grouped based on their mode of action. One class of herbicides of particular interest is the inhibitors of the photosynthetic photosystem II (PSII). These include triazines, such as atrazine; triazinones, such as metribuzin; uracils, suc...
It is well known by those skilled in the art that herbicides are typically classified by chemical family, mode of action, mode of application (i.e. soil applied or sprayed, pre- or post-emergent) or typical usage (i.e. type of crop, target weeds, etc.). Generally, adjuvants are used...
The mode of action of these herbicides consists of inhibiting acetolactate synthase –a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of branched amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine). They are low-dose herbicides used to control broadleaf weeds in cereals exhibiting very low acute and chronic mammalian ...
Table 1.Herbicides metabolized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferases. HerbicideMode of action (group)CropEnzymeReference ChlorotoluronAcetolactate synthase (B/2)Wheat, corn, cottonCytoP450sMougin et al. [25] Fenoxaprop-ethylAcetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)Wheat, barleyGSTsRomano...