English philosopher, sociologist, and political theorist Herbert Spencer was one of the nineteenth century's most influential thinkers, building a broadly libertarian politics on the twin pillars of evolutionary social theory and utilitarian morality.Keywords:liberalism;Social Darwinism;utilitarianism...
Evolutionary pathways to self-fertilization in a tristylous plant species SummaryEvolutionary transitions from outcrossing to selfing occur commonly in heterostylous genera. The morphological polymorphisms that characterize heter... Spencer,C.,H.,... - 《New Phytologist》 被引量: 172发表: 2009年 The...
That Spencer first derived his general evolutionary scheme from reflection on human society is seen inSocial Statics, in whichsocial evolution(seesocial change) is held to be a process of increasing “individuation.” He saw human societies as evolving by means of increasingdivision of labourfrom ...