In addition, long-term exposure of L-DOPA would cause debilitating involuntary choreic and dystonic movements when the therapeutic effectiveness of L-DOPA declines with time [4,5,6,7]. Therefore, cell replacement therapy is regarded as a potential treatment that complements the mainstream therapies...
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Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is commonly used to manage focal spasticity in stroke survivors. This study aimed to a perform comprehensive assessment of the effects of BoNT injection. Twelve stroke subjects with spastic hemiplegia (age: 52.0 ± 10.1 year;