In the case of open systems the “refrigerant” is always water, since it is in direct contact with the atmosphere. The most common refrigeration technique in open systems is the desiccant cooling system. In adsorption chillers solid sorption materials are used. Water is used as refrigerant and...
The use of isothermal heat treatments during pyrolysis are also considered and results are presented as temperature-heating rate diagrams for each atmosphere and thickness investigated. These diagrams show a lower and an upper boundary. Defect formation occurs if the temperature-heating rate relationship...
Scale is the result of the steel reaction with the gaseous components of the furnace atmosphere. According to the authors of [24,25], scale is the layer of oxidation product formed on the metal surface in the first seconds of the process of the order of 100 nm in thickness. The outer ...
Pulse heating refers to the rapid heating of microscopic particles using a laser or electromagnetic field to determine their thermal and physical properties. AI generated definition based on: Dimensionless Physical Quantities in Science and Engineering, 2012 ...
Maintaining thermal comfort within the human body is crucial for optimal health and overall well-being. By merely broadening the set-point of indoor temper
For maximum product quality, the part can be isolated in an enclosed chamber with a vacuum, inert or reducing atmosphere to eliminate the effects of oxidation. Control and automation process Induction heating eliminates the inconsistencies and quality issues associated with open flame, torch heating ...
An ultrahot Neptune in the Neptune desert Article 14 September 2020 An extended low-density atmosphere around the Jupiter-sized planet WASP-193 b Article 14 May 2024 An ultra-short-period super-Earth with an extremely high density and an outer companion Article Open access 08 November 2024...
we have provided means for reducing the pressure of the air supplied through passageway 11. We have also provided means for taking in air from the atmosphere in addition to that taken through passageway I so that it will not be necessary to use an undesirable amount of air taken from the ...
Flux Controllers. All magnetic flux controllers generate and absorb heat when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. The amount of heat depends on induction system parameters, induction coil and part geometry, magnetic flux controller material, part temperature, and the atmosphere surrounding the ...
And, finally, the melting process can be easily carried out in an inert gas or vacuum atmosphere. A coil is the main unit of a high-frequency induction furnace. It is hollow, heavy duty, and highly conductive copper water-cooled tubing wound into a helical coil. The coil is contained ...