When a protein is heated beyond its normal temperature range, heat will increase the kinetic energy of atoms in the protein, causing molecular motion that breaks the various bonds that hold the protein in shape. Once the shape is disrupted and the protein cools, various bonds will re-form, b...
In addition we also consider as a relevant and competing proton heat source the heating due to absorption of wave energy of convected MHD鈥 turbulences, showing that the latter source always dominates inside some critical solar distance, whereas the first one dominates in the outer heliospheric ...
For example, the poison may retain its chemical identity while being loosely or moderately bound (“physisorped” or “chemisorbed”) to the solid surface. A poison may also chemically react at a “site” on the surface (that is, a specific arrangement of atoms on the solid). “Active”...
LIF has the advantages of high spatial resolution and the ability to realize two-dimensional measurements [19]. The fluorescence is produced by excitation of the indicator atoms or molecules that are seeded (e.g., indium [20–22], NO [23]) or naturally generated (e.g., OH [14]) in ...
Alkaline polyphosphate has been demonstrated to be able to reduce significant wear and friction of sliding interfaces under heavy loads (>1 GPa) and elevated temperature (800 °C and above) conditions, e.g. hot metal manufacturing. The chemical composition and fine structure of polyphosphate ...
This is why the stoichiometric coefficients in a chemical equation represent the moles of each substance that react and the ones that are formed, and at the same time they adjust the number of atoms of each chemical element that are on each side of the chemical equation....
Li2TiO3 is one of the most promising candidates among proposed solid breeder materials in fusion reactors because of its chemical satiability. Addition of H2 or H2O to inert sweep gas has been proposed for enhancing the release of bred tritium from breeder material in fusion reactors. However,...
In addition to varying composition, selectively conductive loops may be formed within a less conductive matrix may be formed, which resonate at different frequencies. Therefore, the frequency of excitation with select certain conductive loops and not couple with others. The loop structures impart proper...
Depending on the specific application, an intrinsic regulation of this kind can be used to limit temperature instead of or in addition to an external regulating system. In automotive engineering as well it has become established to use PTC elements of this kind. For instance, for external ...
A general method of the invention is to provide a polymer-hardening precursor piece (such as silicon, carbon, silicon carbide or silicon nitride, but preferably silicon) within the reactor chamber dur