In the following, it is assumed that the energy transfer by radiation occurs along straight lines, excluding scattering or refraction. The radiant energy flux per unit time, dΦ, can be evaluated for an area element dA along a direction with an angle β toward the surface normal. The ...
For all these processes, particularly, the interaction of radiation with infrared active molecules is of importance. These molecules strongly absorb terrestrial radiation, emitted from the earth’s surface, and they can also be excited by some heat transfer in the atmosphere. The absorbed energy is...
where h is the heat transfer coefficient, A is the surface area of the cell, ɛ is the emissivity of the cell surface, and σ is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant. In Eq. (6.19), the first term describes the heat transferred by convection and the second term the heat transferred by radi...
including mass flow and heat conduction. Based on this analysis, advective heat transfer can be considered a fundamental heat transfer mode in addition to conduction and radiation. This conclusion also clearly clarifies the previous controversy as to whether advection can be considered an ...
In this paper, the natural convection heat transfer of water/alumina nanofluid is investigated in a closed square cavity. An oblique magnetic field is applied on the cavity of angle $$\gamma$$ . There is also radiation heat transfer in the cavity. The ca
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer is a free-access and peer-reviewed online journal that provides a central vehicle for the exchange of basic ideas in heat and mass transfer between researchers and engineers around the globe. It disseminates informatio
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer is a free-access and peer-reviewed online journal that provides a central vehicle for the exchange of basic ideas in heat and mass transfer between researchers and engineers around the globe. It disseminates informatio
the MXene nanosheets spatially confine the LM and mutually bridged resulting in the formation of layered MBLM solid-liquid bi-continuous conductive networks within ANF supporting matrices. These interconnected networks establish ultra-fast transfer pathways for electrons and phonons among the MXene nanosh...
The warm spring runoff can also significantly accelerate the thermal erosion process through the turbulent heat transfer between the river water and the ice cover. The thermal erosion of the ice cover and the deterioration of the cover through internal melting by solar radiation lead to the ...
Secondly, for TS-AFP the system boundary has to be expanded to a larger area as the radiative heat transfer occurs on a defined area – radiation cone [27] – not directly at the nip-point but in front of it into the substrate. The material is cooled inside the placement head to ...