Heart failure (HF) is the complex condition resulting from a structural and/or functional inability of the heart to supply the normal cardiac output to meet metabolic needs. In HF, impaired ventricular filling or ejection of blood leads to fatigue, dyspnea, and fluid retention or edema. ...
In elderly patients, fatigue and confusion can sometimes be the first symptoms of heart failure, which is related to a decrease in cardiac output. The mnemonic DEFEAT-HF consists of five steps that may be helpful in the diagnosis and management of heart failure in the older population: diagnosi...
decreasing intracellular calcium. Because these drugs reduce left ventricular inotropy (contractility) via the same mechanism, they are generally not recommended for use in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (reduced ejection fraction). ...
Heart failure (HF) is a modern epidemic affecting close to 40 million people worldwide. The Rotterdam study estimated the prevalence to be about 2% in the general population, rising to 17.4% in those aged ≥ 85 years [1]. Linked to societal aging and also improved treatments for a range ...
Heart Failure is a chronic and progressively deteriorating syndrome that has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Improved outcomes have been achieved with novel drugs and devices. However, the number of patients refractory to conventional medical therapy is growing. These advanced heart failure patients...