Thus we have a commutative diagram: where h must be non-zero. Indeed, if h=0, then e factors through g and f is a split monomorphism, a contradiction. Since T\in \mathcal {Q}, we conclude that Z is not in \math
Therefore, they are an important cause of non-clinical and clinical drug attrition during clinical drug development, withdrawal of licensed drugs and cautionary drug labelling (22). Cardiovascular toxicities are caused by both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular pharmaceuticals, with many different modes...
With the Wiggers diagram fresh in mind, let us now revisit the anatomy of the heart from a functional perspective. During systole, myocyte shortening will lead to ejection of ventricular blood and subsequent long-axis shortening and short-axis (transverse) narrowing of the ventricles. Due to ...
A Venn diagram showing the miRNAs being changed 5- and tenfold in non-infarcted and infarcted HF group compared to Sham group, RT-qPCR analysis of miRNA-140 and miRNA-142 in Sham, non-infarcted HF (HFni), infarcted HF (HFi), treated HFni (HFni + GSK´872) and treated HFi (...
Intravital endothelial cell labelling Mice were anesthesized by intraperitoneally (i.p.) ketamine (100 mg kg−1)-xylazine (2.5 mg kg−1) injection followed by injection with heparin (1,000 U kg−1) to reduce formation of thrombi. To label the endothelial cells intravitally...
Extension of the vertebrate heart tube is driven by progressive addition of second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells to the poles of the heart. Defects in this process cause a spectrum of congenital anomalies. SHF cells form an epithelial layer in splan
Venn diagram of mRNAs extracted by CPCAFE and BAHSIC, and heart failure-related disease association. Numbers in parentheses correspond to those with outliers along PC2 (see Additional file 2). Full size image For miRNAs, among the 100 probes, 47 unique mature miRNAs were selected (see Additiona...
(A) Diagram showing the composition of luciferase reporter constructs containing the Ccdc117 500–750 bp proximal promoter region/transcriptional start site, with or without an approximately 3 kb 3′flanking region shared with the neighboring Xbp1 gene. Nkx2-5 consensus binding sites (NKE) are...
The diagram (Fig. 1) depicts the modeling workflow. Results Model structure. The structure of the final whole-body PBPK model is shown in Fig. 2. The following is written as a set of ordinary differential equations (Equation 5 in the Appendix). The model consisted of seventeen ...
The heterogeneity of functional cardiomyocytes arises during heart development, which is essential to the complex and highly coordinated cardiac physiological function. Yet the biological and physiological identities and the origin of the specialized cardiomyocyte populations have not been fully comprehended. ...