Based ondatafrom the Framingham Heart Study the risk of heart attack increases about 25 percent for every 5 mg/dl (0.13 mmol/L) decrement in blood levels of HDL cholesterol. However, whether HDL cholesterol is a causal risk factor or merely a marker of risk is still intensely debated. The...
This result provides an epidemiological argument in favor of therapeutically raising HDL-C levels. One may draw parallels with the detrimental consequences of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and blood pressure, which have been successfully controlled through therapy, resulting ...
What are the normal cholesterol levels for men and women? A cholesterol test generally determines 4 distinct numbers: Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Cholesterol being fat, it is not soluble in water. So it cannot circulate freely in the blood. But, the fact is that nature ...
The problem is that doesn’t seem to help. Having a high blood HDL level is no longer regarded as protective. Infact, HDL levels are among the most consistent and robust predictors of cardiovascular disease risk. There are two types of risk factors: causal and non-causal. Association does n...
HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were measured from blood samples obtained after a 12 h fast using standard assays (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Serum creatinine, uric acid, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (Hba1C), and total serum ma...
HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were measured from blood samples obtained after a 12 h fast using standard assays (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Serum creatinine, uric acid, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (Hba1C), and total serum ma...
In the blood, PC can be remodelled into LysoPC by two enzymes: (i) lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA 2), an enzyme with pro- and anti-inflammatory capabilities [7] that catalyses the hydrolysis of fatty acids at the sn-2 position of oxidised phospholipids, ultimately ...
, presence of previous valve disease, initial haemoglobin < 10 g/dL, initial presentation of ACS as cardiogenic shock, treatment with anti-retrovirals, pregnancy or died in the first <24 h or before the first blood test after a fasting night could be obtained (see Flowchart in Figure 3)....