Danger from volcanoes can occur on the land, on the sea and as this Special Issue highlights, in the air as well. The great eruptions of Vesuvius in AD 79 (Etienne 1992 ), Pel茅 in 1902 (Fisher and Heiken 1982 ) and Krakatau in 1883 (Self and Rampino 1981 ) caused widespread ...
Most of the damage caused by falls occurs when wet ash and scoria on the roofs of buildings causes them to collapse. Pyroclastic material injected into the atmosphere may have global as well as local consequences. When the volume of an eruption cloud is large enough, and the cloud is ...
Historically at Mount Rainier, glacial outburst floods, torrential rains, and stream capture have caused small- to moderate-size debris flows (Walder and Driedger, 1984). Such debris flows are most likely to occur in drainages that have large glaciers in them. Less commonly, a drainage ...
Distinguishing between periods of unrest and the run-up to eruption is a major challenge at volcanoes around the globe. Here, we leverage multidisciplinary data to show that the Mauna Loa 2022 eruption was caused by 2 months of magma intrusion. ...
One is caused bydynamics of eruption, including landslide, mudflow, volcanic earthquake, Tsunamis.The other is caused by products of volcanic eruption, which include volcanicPyroclastic flow, lave flow, volcanic gases and aerosols, volcanic ash / tephra anderuption cloud. They not only destroy trees...
More than 100 young volcanoes – that have had activity within about 10,000 years – dot the landscape of the East African Rift – an area that runs for more than 3000 kilometres from Djibouti and Eritrea, down through Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda
Earthquakes and tsunamis caused by low-angle normal faulting in the Banda Sea, Indonesia Low-angle normal faults in the Banda Sea have caused large earthquakes that indirectly generated tsunamis due to earthquake-triggered submarine slumping, according to an analysis of historical earthquake and tsunami...
Effect of mining on shear sidewall groundwater inrush hazard caused by seepage instability of the penetrated karst collapse pillar Ma, Dan;Miao, Xiexing;Bai, Haibo;Huang, Jihui;Pu, Hai;Wu, Yu;Zhang, Guimin;Li, Jiawei 73-93 The last Vesuvius eruption in March 1944: reconstruction of th...
From the beginning of 21st century, there has been an awareness of risk in the environment along with a growing concern for the continuing potential damage caused by hazards. In order to ensure environmental sustainability, a better understanding of natural disasters and their impacts is essential....
While storms are classified by their wind speeds from tropical depressions to tropical storms and then to hurricanes with intensities one up to five; this classification does not capture the extent of damage that can be caused. The amount of rain combined with the terrain can be far more ...