比值比(Odds ratio, OR):也称优势比、比数比、交叉乘积比,是病例对照研究中表示暴露与疾病之间关联强度的指标,比值(odds)是指某事物发生的概率与不发生的概率之比。比值比指病例组中暴露人数与非暴露人数的比值除以对照组中暴露人数与非暴露人数的比值。 >1 暴露与疾病的危险度增加 正相关 <1 暴露与疾病的危险度...
The ratio of a substance’s possible exposure to the concentration at which no unfavorable effects are anticipated is known as the hazard quotient. If the hazard quotient is determined to be less than 1, then exposure is not expected to negatively impact health. Negative health impacts are conce...
Divide the value of the hazard function for the test group by the value of control group to get the hazard ratio. Values less than 1 indicate the drug improved patient longevity and values greater than 1 mean that the drug impaired patient longevity. Step 5 Graph the hazard ratio over the ...
When this assumption is appropriate but an important covariate is omitted, the ratio of the hazards is shown to be less than the constant proportion (assumed to be greater than 1). In certain cases it can even be less than 1. Limiting behavior of this ratio is also considered and is ...
Hazard Ratio < 1: The numerator is less than the denominator in the HR. Consequently, the treatment group experiences a lower event probability during a unit of time than the control group. Hazard Ratio Interpretation Example Let’s interpret an example hazard ratio of 2. ...
风险比为 1 意味着两组的风险相等;如果危险比小于 1,则意味着具有该假定风险因素的人的危险较小,即其存在具有保护性。斯普鲁恩斯等人。55给出其他例子并强调仅危险比不足以传达协变量的影响;生存曲线和描述符(例如中位生存时间和其他分位数)有助于描述解释变量对生存的影响。其他插图由 Matthews 和 Farewell ...
association between disease and “exposure” the hazard ratio and the odds ratio would be 1. When associated with a higher risk of disease these ratios are above 1. When the “exposure” turns out to be associated with a lower risk of disease the hazard ratio and odds ratio are below 1....
The hazard ratio was less than unity, indicating that the hazard of death in the screening group was less than that in the control group. At any time during follow-up participants in the intervention group were 0.73 times as likely to die from colorectal cancer as those in the control ...
However, risks in excess of 2.5 have a powerful effect on the divergence of these measures, and this point has received less emphasis. Conversely, and as seen frequently in applications, relative risk, hazard rate ratio, and odds ratio numerically approximate one another with shorter follow-up,...
风险比为 1 意味着两组的风险相等;如果危险比小于 1,则意味着具有该假定风险因素的人的危险较小,即其存在具有保护性。斯普鲁恩斯等人。55给出其他例子并强调仅危险比不足以传达协变量的影响;生存曲线和描述符(例如中位生存时间和其他分位数)有助于描述解释变量对生存的影响。其他插图由 Matthews 和 Farewell ...