association between disease and “exposure” the hazard ratio and the odds ratio would be 1. When associated with a higher risk of disease these ratios are above 1. When the “exposure” turns out to be associated with a lower risk of disease the hazard ratio and odds ratio are below 1....
athe ratio of the hazard rate backed out from bond prices to the hazard rate calculated from historical data is very high for investment garde companies and tends to decline as company's credit rating declines 當公司信用規定值下降,危險率的比率從債券價格取消了到從歷史數據計算的危險率為投資garde公...
I’ll close by acknowledging that there are costs to my approach. If Italy is not given a bailout, the country may have a “disorderly default,” meaning the government simply stops honoring its commitments to pay bondholders. That is bad for individual bondholders, but it also could hurt ...
Survival analysis deals with that branch of statistics which analyses the time of occurrence of certain events – such as failure in a machine, death of a person etc. The hazard function is the ratio of density function and survival function.HT...
22 stintcox — Cox proportional hazards model for interval-censored survival-time data Compared with example 1, after we account for time-varying imprisonment, the hazard ratio for drug injection inject increases from 1.25 to 1.37, but the effect of imprisonment decreases from 1.57 for baseline ...
aThe trial was designed with 80% power at the twosided 3% significance level, assuming a 25% improvement in PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80) for the ITT population and a 33% improvement in PFS (HR = 0.75) in the EGFR IHC-positive subgroup. 试验设计了以80%力量在双面的3%显著性水平,假设...
Although our examples were quite simple, using only binary covariates, we expect the same idea to hold true for more complex scenarios: more accurate estimation of the censoring distribution will improve estimation of the subdistribution hazard ratio. However, if a more complicated model for censoring...
Noisy data typically refers to corrupted, distorted, or low signal-to-noise ratio observations, which are common in natural hazard analysis, especially in seismology-related investigations. Seismic data are vulnerable to contamination by different types of noise. This noise is defined as all unnecessar...
There is not a critical mass of studies that would suggest the processes that lead, for example, from adult literacy to adaptive capacity, or from a high dependency ratio to increased susceptibility to harm. By comparison, subnational indices, at least those in high and some medium...
The term hazard ratio is often used interchangeably with the term relative risk ratio to describe results in clinical trials. This is not strictly correct as there are subtle and important differences. It is useful to understand the meaning of the term and also be able to identify when it is...