When researchers use the random effects model, it would be better to use the Knapp–Hartung adjustment, which yields a wider confidence interval. The adjustment includes two components. First, it modifies the standard error of the mean. Second, it multiplies the standard error by a factor based...
Keywords:Random-effectsmeta-analysis,Knapp-Hartungadjustment,Smallpopulations,Rarediseases Background Random-effectsmeta-analysisismostcommonlyper- formedbasedonanunderlyinghierarchicalmodelinclud- ingtwounknownsasparameters:theeffectμ,whichisthe figureofprimaryinterest,andthebetween-studyvariance (heterogeneity)τ ...