History and description of Haplogroup R1b (Y-chromosomal DNA) and its subclades. Haplogroup R1b is the dominant paternal lineage in Western Europe. It represents the Greco-Anatolian, Italic, Celtic and Germanic branches of the Indo-European speakers.
Haplogroup Q is thought to have originated in Central Asia or North Asia during of shortly after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26,000 to 19,000 years ago). Q descends from haplogroup P, which is also the ancestor of haplogroups R1a and R1b. Haplogroup Q quickly split into two main br...
Haplogroup R1b-M269 comprises most Western European Y chromosomes; of its main branches, R1b-DF27 is by far the least known, and it appears to be highly prevalent only in Iberia. We have genotyped 1072 R1b-DF27 chromosomes for six additional SNPs and 17 Y-STRs in population samples from...
The most common African American haplogroup is E3a. The most common Caucasian (European) haplogroup is R1b/R1b3. Examination of additional samples and markers since 2002 has expanded the branches on this tree. For an up-to-date version, see http://www.isogg.org/tree/. Before 2002, if a...
One of its sub-clades, group Q3 is almost exclusively associated with the Native Americans [78,79]. Finally, the last clade of the Y-chromosome tree is the extensive haplogroup R, which is mainly represented by two lineages –R1a and R1b [64,69,80,81]. The members of R1b are ...