R1b would then have migrated with horses along the Great Eurasian Steppe until the Altai mountains in East-Central Asia, where they established the Afanasevo culture (c. 3600-2400 BCE). Afanasevo people might be the precursors of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages. In 2014, ...
(meaning the fourth subgroup withinB) and is characterized by a set of mutations that took a significant amount of time to accumulate on the Eurasian continent. This closely related subset of lineages likely spreadfrom Southeast Asia into Polynesia within the last 5,000 yearsand is seen ...
origin (mtDNA haplogroups C4a, C4b, D4i, F1b1, M7c1b2b, R2, Y1 and Z1a), but comprised a substantial minority of East European lineages too (H5a, H8, J1b, T1a1b, U5a1, U5b1b - all typical of the Pontic-Caspian Steppe). This is consistent with an origin in the Eurasian ...
Recently, phy- logeographic study of hg N structure in north Eurasian populations has demonstrated that south Siberia could be a place of transition of hg N (including N3a and N2) west- ward to Eastern Europe (Rootsi et al. 2007). However, there is no evidence still that the age of ...
20. Pennarun, E. et al. Divorcing the Late Upper Palaeolithic demographic histories of mtDNA haplogroups M1 and U6 in Africa. BMC Evol. Biol. 12, 234 (2012). 21. Secher, B. et al. The history of the North African mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 gene flow into the African, Eurasian ...
Instead their Y chromosome diverged from Eurasian Y chromosome around 54,000 years ago when Australia was first inhabited [62]. Thus, their study negates the hypothesis of Y chromosomal gene flow from India approximately 5000 years ago. So, Y chromosome as a lineage marker is a useful source...
Mutation Rate Switch inside Eurasian Mitochondrial Haplogroups: Impact of Selection and Consequences for Dating Settlement in Europedoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021543R-lineage mitochondrial DNA represents over 90% of the European population and is significantly present all around the planet (North Africa, ...
In the south, along the northern shores of the Black Sea coast until the the north-west Caucasus, was a region of open steppe, expanding eastward until the Caspian Sea, Siberia and Mongolia (the Eurasian Steppe). The western section, between the Don and Dniester Rivers (and later the ...
macro-haplogroup IJK would become the ancestor of 80% of modern Eurasian people. Haplogroup G formed approximately 50,000 years ago as a side lineage of haplogroup IJK, but seems to have had a slow start, evolving in isolation for tens of thousands of years, possibly in the Near East, cut...
11 Macaulay V, Richards M, Hickey E et al: The emerging tree of West Eurasian mtDNAs: a synthesis of control-region sequences and RFLPs. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64: 232–249. 12 Torroni A, Huoponen K, Francalacci P et al: Classification of European mtDNAs from an analysis of three ...