ammonia is thought to be extremely scarce in the upper troposphere because its solubility in water and reactivity with acids should lead to efficient removal in convective clouds. However, this assumption is not supported by observation. Ammonia vapour has been repeatedly detected in the Asian...
Analysis showed that the reaction for water dissociation using oxygen (H2O* + O*→ 2OH*) reaction is feasible (activation energy, Ea = 9.2 kcal mol−1 at 300 K [22]) in the temperature range studied. However, our work here indicates that this reaction also has no effect on the overa...
The stronger the acid, the larger the acid dissociation constant, or Ka will be. The Ka can be converted to a similar number known as pKa via the equation: pKa=−log(Ka) These pKa values are often easier to use because they will be smaller numbers. When converting...
The activities of water in these solution systems were also calculated using the Robinson-Bower empirical equation. The water activities determined experimentally showed satisfactory agreement with the calculated values when the formation of Fe(III) complexes and the dissociation of acids were taken into...
Moreover, the observed entropy of activation, ΔSa* in the absence and presence of Centrosema pubescens leaves extract are negative; the implication is that the rate-determining step for the activated complex is the association and not dissociation step. On introducing the extract, the entropy of...
The water activities in both systems obeyed the Zdanovskii rule relatively well. The α(H 2 O) experimentally determined in the sulfate system showed a satisfactory agreement with those calculated from the Robinson-Bower equation, assuming the complete dissociations of H 2 SO 4 and CuSO 4 , ...
The activities of water in these solution systems were also calculated, using the Robinson-Bower empirical equation, and showed satisfactory agreement with the calculated values, whether the formation of the sulfato-complex, CrSO4+, and the dissociation of H2SO4were taken into consideration or not...
Ammonia stabilizes acid–base nucleation and strongly enhances particle formation rates9. However, ammonia is thought to be extremely scarce in the upper troposphere because its solubility in water and reactivity with acids should lead to efficient removal in convective clouds. However, this assumption ...
The activities of water in these solution systems were also calculated, using the Robinson-Bower empirical equation, and showed satisfactory agreement with the calculated values, whether the formation of the sulfato-complex, CrSO 4 + , and the dissociation of H 2 SO 4 were taken into ...