In this paper we provide a review of selected mathematical ideas that can help us better understand the boundary between living and non-living systems. We focus on group theory and abstract algebra applied to molecular systems biology. Throughout this pa
再生制动 regional planning model 区域规划模型 regulating device 调节装载 regulation 调节 | relational algebra 关系企数 | relay characteristic 继电器特性 remote manipulator 遥控操作器 remote regulating 遥调 remote set point adjuster 远程设定点调整器 rendezvous and docking 交会和对接 reproducibility 再现性 ...
Though we may note in passing such historical details as the circumstance that Charles Sanders Peirce used a ''streamer-cross symbol'' where [[George Spencer Brown]] used a ''carpenter's square marker'', the theme of principal interest at the abstract level of form is neutral with regard ...
Steiner, a key figure in the ’new math’ era and participant of the Royaumont Seminar, had the idea in this regard to not approach abstract algebra by looking at groups right away, but looking at magmas first. He reasoned that set theory is deeply rooted in every discipline of ...