The eddy covariance(EC) technique provides the best approach to measure net carbon dioxide(CO_2) change at site scale, which can be employed in GPP calculation. However, the EC technique only provides integrated CO_2 flux measurements over footprints with sizes and shapes that vary with the ...
Gross primary productivity (GPP) is a key component of land–atmospheric carbon exchange. Reliable calculation of regional/global \{GPP\} is crucial for understanding the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and human activity. In recent years, many light use efficiency (LUE) models...
Coupling solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) with gross primary productivity (GPP) for ecological function integration research presents numerous uncertainties, especially in ecologically fragile and climate-sensitive arid regions. Therefore, evaluating the suitability of SIF data for estimating GPP an...
Keywords: gross primary production; GPP; NDVI; vegetation indices; solar-induced fluorescence; MODIS; light-use efficiency; satellite reflectance; NIRV Graphical Abstract 1. Introduction Global terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), the amount of carbon dioxide (CO22) that is assimilated by plan...
The calculation of a country’s GDP encompasses all private and public consumption, government outlays, investments, additions to private inventories, paid-in construction costs, and the foreignbalance of trade. Exports are added to the value and imports are subtracted.1 ...
Similarly, both Leaf Angle Distribution (LAD), when restricted to its observed range, and leaf-clumping appear to have a minor influence over canopy productivity. We conclude that current LSMs can radically improve their calculation of regional/global GPP by adopting a multilayer approach. This ...
2.3.2. Calculation of vegetation indices We tested five commonly applied VIs sensitive to different properties of vegetation canopies. As biomass sensitive indices, we evaluated the normalized different VIs, NDVI, (Rouse et al., 1973), and the enhanced vegetation index, EVI, (Huete et al., 200...
Net income can be misleading—non-cash expensesare not included in its calculation. When these are subtracted, net income can be drastically reduced. Gross Profit, Net Income, and Operating Profit It's important to note that gross profit and net income are just two of the profitability metrics...
VPD has a significant impact on the daily average Reco and GPP during the observation period, especially during the growing season (p < 0.01). From the calculation formula, it can be observed that VPD is more influenced by air temperature, so the relationship between VPD and temperature ...
For the health and education equations, funds coming from international financial institutions (XWBFLOWS) are added to the basic calculation. GDSDemr,g=health,educ=GDPr∗Gkr,g=health,educ/100∗gdsmr,g=health,educ+XWBFLOWSr,g=health,edc View chapterPurchase book Ghana R. Palmer, in ...