The core of these green roof systems is an innovative water storage mat that is marketed by the company VIRIdiVITA GmbH under the name VIRIdiVITA premium roof. Further details about the product, especially about the design and the functional properties of VIRIdiVITA premium roof are available on...
When creating a custom design, some designers will approve a certain amount of topsoil to reduce costs, but great care needs to be taken with this option. In this case, a typical mix is to use 1/3 clean topsoil, 1/3 compost, 1/3 perlite or other inorganic material. ...
Cool and green roofs: if we could view a snapshot of every building in a typical American city, we would likely notice that virtually all of the buildings have dark roofs.(ROOFING: SMARTER BUILDINGS[R]: BUILDING ENVELOPE)Lindell, Jim...
2.4. Traditional and green roof simulation As seen in Fig. 2, a typical roof consists of five layers: gravel, asphalt (bitumen), concrete slab, cement mortar, and plaster, arranged from top to bottom. Existing structures did not require additional construction to accommodate the installation of...
A typical green roof consists of three layers (from bottom to top): a drainage layer, a substrate layer (growing medium), and a plant layer. The substrate layer typically includes three main components: a lightweight inorganic aggregate, compost, and sand [6]. A green roof designer has man...
Green roofs affect the urban food-water-energy nexus and have the potential to contribute to sustainability. Here we developed a generalizable methodology and framework for data-sparse cities to analyze the food-water-energy nexus of green roofs. Our fra
Hello once again Green Roof Fans! I think most of us GRPs hunker down for the winter. This year was looking like the typical winter until I got a phone call about a project I’d bid months back. It was a small residential green roof project that had a steep 5/12 slope in sunny Ca...
3.1, plants are not typical construction products. Consequently, the classification according to EN 13501-1 [113] with regard to its scope is only informative in character (Table 7). Table 7 Values Defined in Accordance with EN 13823 [80] Full size table Table 8 List of the Most Important...
Although the equations (Table 3; Fig. 4) have a high coefficient of determination (R2), their use is restricted to the specified rainfall range, which is typical for the Western and Central European climatic Conclusions: green roofs a tool for solving runoff reduction? As an ever-growing per...
Greywater, excluding toilet waste, comprises 50–80% of total urban domestic wastewater and is less contaminated than typical domestic wastewater (Mohit and Remya, 2023a; Shaikh and Ahammed, 2020). Show abstract Marine pollution in small island ecosystems and the impact of domestic wastewater 2025...