Many publications were consulted to compile the information presented here: the official website of the National Bureau of Statistics; the websites of provincial and municipal statistical offices; the “China Statistical Yearbook”; the “China Environmental Statistics Yearbook”; and the “China Banki...
Note: For different energy types, the calculation method of coal consumption for power generation is used to unify the energy unit—data sources: China Statistical Yearbook and China Energy Statistical Yearbook from 1980 to 2021. The consumption of clean energy, such as nuclear, photovoltaic, and...
View chapterExplore book Making green finance work for the sustainable energy transition in emerging economies Suborna Barua, Shakila Aziz, in Energy-Growth Nexus in an Era of Globalization, 2022 1 Introduction There is an increasing level of awareness around the world that the global economy is ...
This study attempts to provide quantitative information on this development. In total, Scopus lists 1183 papers, including journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers, on this subject, all produced between 1961 and 2021. This study employed the Biblioshiny package from R-st...
The sustainability aspect of the finance industry has grown rapidly over the last years. It is mainly defined as investments guided by ESG principles. Firstly, Estands for environmental, which addresses topics like greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy, energy efficiency, resource depletion, chemic...
Third, our study contributes to the extant literature by joining the ongoing debate on whether China’s green finance can achieve a win–win situation for the economy and the environment. Previous research on the enterprise level mainly focused on the impact of green financial policies in China....
The book-to-market ratio (PB) is calculated by comparing the enterprise’s book value (i.e., net assets) with its market value. The leverage ratio (Lev) is calculated by dividing the total liabilities by assets. The return on assets (ROA) is measured by dividing the enterprise’s net ...
In addition, data on energy saving and environmental protection expenditure, which is a tertiary indicator that is used to measure the development of local green finance, are only available from the Statistical Yearbook for 2008. In this study, panel data from 30 provinces, municipalities, and ...
When reporting on expected impact, the GLP recommend the use of qualitative performance indicators and, where feasible, quantitative performance measures (for example, energy capacity, electricity generation, greenhouse gas emissions reduced/avoided, resource efficiency etc.) and disclosure of the key...
Farmers are losing money regardless of their size, defaulting on existing facilities, and as such financiers are exiting structured commodity finance due to credit and compliance risks.