The dark matter fraction within the Einstein radius is about ∼10–60% (e.g., Auger et al. 2010; Ferreras et al. 2005). Invisible substructure in the lens and along the LOS can also perturb the Fermat potential (e.g., Oguri 2007; Keeton and Moustakas 2009). Gilman et al. (2020...
The geoid height can be found by chosing an appropriate constant value for the potential, U0, and then determining the radius r from the expression for the geopotential inEq. (5) plus the rotational potential (12‖ω→×r→‖). It is normally expressed relative to the height of a ...
Learn the definition of Gravitational potential energy and browse a collection of 292 enlightening community discussions around the topic.
Thus, for any graph, we have the quantum scaling ℏ𝐼ℎ−𝑉=ℏ𝐿−𝐼𝑚−1, (31) where ℏ−1 is the scaling for classical graphs, and it can be straightforwardly verified that all three diagrams in Figure 1 are classical. The two-body potential 𝑉(𝐱) is ...
Considerably more effort has been focused on bar modes, or more generally, non-axisymmetric instabilities. Classical, highβ(whereβis the ratio of the rotational to potential energy ≡T/|W|), bar modes can be separated into two classes: dynamical instabilities and secular instabilities. The clas...
is not asymptotically flat. Nevertheless, it can arise in a region up to finite radius as the limiting case of a family of asymptotically flat solutions. At large radius, it is matched to an asymptotically flat solution which is not universal but depends on the initial data (as does the pl...
In gravitational lensing, the deflection of a wave by the lens potential is considered to be instantaneous—thin lens approximation. This approximation is justified by the cosmological distances between the lens, source, and observer compared to the size of the region in which the lensing occurs. ...
In gravitational lensing, the deflection of a wave by the lens potential is considered to be instantaneous—thin lens approximation. This approximation is justified by the cosmological distances between the lens, source, and observer compared to the size of the region in which the lensing occurs. ...
Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research ...