All these factors lead to the appearance of magnetic torques. An external magnetic flux density B exerts a torque LM on a satellite. This torque is determined by the vector product (Fig. 1.14) Sign in to download full-size image Fig. 1.14. Earth’s magnetic field. (1.137)LM=IM×B. ...
This simple PSPL model is complicated by astrophysical factors including the velocity distribution of sources and lenses, extinction due to Galactic dust, blending in dense stellar fields, stellar and planetary companions, and the shift in perspective resulting from viewing a microlensing event while ...
The force tending to hold objects to the earth's surface depends not only on the earth's gravitational field but also on other factors, such as the earth's rotation. The measure of the force of gravity on a given body is the weight of that body; although the mass of a body does ...
For these parameter choices, the critical midplane density ρ∗II is an astonish- ing five orders of magnitude greater than ρ∗I . It is possible that real disks have masses and bulk metallicities enhanced over the MMSN by factors of a few, in which case ρ∗II would be larger ...
binary accretion can reheat the white dwarf. If the accreted material ignites degenerately, the resultant nuclear explosion produces a nova and ejects all of the accreted material. But if this material burns non-degenerately, the white dwarf will gain mass. When the mass of the white dwarf exc...
Definition of Gravitational Potential Energy GPE depends on two key factors: the object's position relative to a gravitational field and the mass of the object. The center of mass of the body creating the gravitational field (on Earth, the center of the planet) is the lowest-energy point i...
in quark into other forms. carrier particles with significant masses are responsible for the propagation of the weak force. frequently asked questions q1 name the factors affecting the value of acceleration due to gravity. following are the factors affecting the value of acceleration due to gravity:...
What are the properties of gravitational force? If the distance between two objects is doubled, and the mass of one of the objects is doubled, what happens to the gravitational force? What two factors affect the gravitational force between two objects? What would happ...
At shorter wavelengths, for example the 纬 domain, the focussing process could lead to 10 8 amplification factors. In order to reach the regions where images are formed, long distance space missions are necessary. Once launched, missions of this type would be dedicated to a single field. Some...
In Section 5 we discuss several factors of importance in selecting and comparing available software and in Section 6 we make suggestions for the next generation of software to support future gravitational lens research based on this review. View article Probes of structure: lensing Scott Dodelson, ...