Pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) are well-circumscribed solid tumors that occur most frequently in children and young adults but rarely in those over the age of 30 years (Fig. 3). These tumors have also been termed juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas or cystic astrocytomas, or have been named according...
Glioblastoma (GBM), defined as an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 astrocytoma, is the most aggressive type having the worst prognosis of HGGs. Despite intensive SOC treatment, tumor recurrence is inevitable and remains uniformly lethal with no current...
Grade III tumours (also commonly referred to as anaplastic glioma) comprise anaplastic astrocytoma, mixed anaplastic oligoastrocytoma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma, while glioblastoma (GBM) represents WHO grade IV. Tissue diagnosis is mandatory, and usually obtained by stereotactic biopsy or after tumour...
High-grade gliomas (HGG) are solid malignant tumours that arise from the uncontrolled differentiation of astrocytes and may be classified as grade III anaplastic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, or oligoastrocytoma, along with grade IV glioblastoma multiforme. HGGs account for the majority of primary brai...
3. Results 3.1. Clinical Characterization We identified 85 cases of grade 4 gliomas, 54.12% with a diagnosis of the IDH-mutant astrocytoma and 45.88% with a diagnosis of the IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. More than half of the cases were found in males (54.12%). The average age at the time...
Gr4 adult-type diffuse glioma, including IDH-mutant gr4 astrocytoma and IDH-wt GBM gr4, represents a significant entity within CNS tumors and remains a highly fatal disease with a median survival expectancy of only 9–15 months despite ongoing clinical research endeavors [2,3]. Its aggressive...
life expectancy of at least 3 months; adequate bone marrow (absolute neutrophil count ≥1000/μL, platelet count ≥75,000/μL), renal (1.5 × age-adjusted normal serum creatinine or glomerular filtration rate ≥70 mL/min/1.73 m2 with the Schwartz formula), liver (total bilirubin ≤ 3 N ...