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This paper presents a new cycle slip detection and repair method using Total Electron Content Rate (TECR) information derived from individual satellite dual-frequency data of a single Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver while pseudorange measurement
centric dipole, or using more realistic models such as the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. The largest effect is from the second term in the expansion of the refractive index. Up to several cm on L2, it particularly affectsz-translation, and satellite orbits and clocks in a global ...
This method is simple and fast, but newly updated road information cannot be collected economically or effectively because the images are expensive and the satellite revisit period is limited. (3) Volunteered geographic information (VGI) data extraction [4] in which volunteers such as students, ...
The true ground elevations were determined using conventional topographic surveying method, following the nature of the terrain. The results of the topographic surveying were aggregated and interpolated to suitable grid sizes as illustrated in Table 4. The results in Table 4 show that the lower the ...