The solution (both for pensions and OPEB) is for states to shift to systems based on “defined contribution” rather than “defined benefit.” By definition, DC systems don’t have unfunded liabilities. Here’s a summary of the difference between the two approaches put together by the South ...
U.S. Census Bureau Government Statistics Census of Governments, Government Finance and Employment Classification Manual, Governments Integrated Directory public employment & payroll, federal state and local government finance, public employee retirement systems, state and local government tax collections, feder...
Competence can also be perceived as the decentralization of certain personnel processes that do not need to be performed by HR personnel but by employees themselves (e.g., vacation or medical planning, selection of benefits, payroll control, and others) [65]; Cost efficiency—This concerns ...