education while 9.7% of its GDP is for health expenditures that are inadequate to provide schooling and health facilities to the masses in Pakistan (Chaudhry et al.,2006). Therefore, the progress of human capital (HC) is miserable in Pakistan, especially when we compare it with the rest of ...
Government expenditures as a citizens'evaluation of public output : public choice and the benefit principle of taxation Combining elements from the theories of public choice and benefit taxation, the author develops a framework in which private citizens can evaluate public a... T Catsambas - 《Pol...
(Yt), real private consumption (Ct), real net tax revenues (tax receipts less current transfers, interest payments and subsidies) (Tt), the real wage (Wt), the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index (Pt ), the nominal interest rate on 3-month Treasury Bills (Rt), and Total...
= Government Expenditures − Interest Expense − Tax RevenueThe total deficit is often called the budget deficit, because the budget does not take in enough revenue to offset the expenditures; by contrast, a budget surplus occurs when revenue exceeds expenditures. The federal government rarely has...
2020a). However, sovereign bonds, which are more directly affected by government actions and expenditures, have largely escaped academic scrutiny. We seek to rectify this gap by exploring the influence of policy responses to COVID-19 on the volatility of sovereign bonds. COVID-19 injected large...
Educational expenditures constitute a major category for both. However, whereas the states spend comparatively more than local governments on university education, local governments spend even more on elementary and secondary education. That said, nationwide, state funding for public higher education has ...
As mentioned earlier, the federal government was determined to divest itself of responsibility for the provision of social services, to reduce its overall expenditures on its citizens, and to transfer some of the traditional functions to lower tiers of government or to the private sector. The ...
Virtually none of the expenditures will be in tangible investments of any form. If we assume (generously) that $100 Billion of the deficit spending will be invested, the LTV of this year’s borrowing is 15. Most individuals need an LTV of 0.9 or less to get a home loan. 3. What is...
The government decided to make IT a priority for transformation because it served as a lever for process improvement and innovation, attracted state expenditures of €11 billion a year and faced a number of challenges. These included a lack of transparency on costs, a decision-making process ...
Governments Integrated Directory public employment & payroll, federal state and local government finance, public employee retirement systems, state and local government tax collections, federal expenditures, Federal Audit Clearinghouse, criminal justice statistics, elementary-secondary education statistics, library...