Another important domain of mania is increased vigor and goal-directed behavior. This domain is part of the DSM-IV core diagnosis of both bipolar I and bipolar II patients (Benazzi, 2007, Dsm-Iv, 2000, Johnson, 2005) and was suggested to be associated with hyperactivity of the serotonergic ...
However, elevated reward-related brain activity and behavior also can initiate inflammatory signaling (Ben-Shaanan et al., 2016), and individuals with bipolar disorder, which is associated with high levels or reward sensitivity, display heightened inflammation (Alloy et al., 2012, Modabbernia et ...
There is mounting evidence that suggests that executive dysfunction due to central nervous system (CNS) insult causes both short-term and long-term consequences, resulting in poor goal-directed behavior [3,5–8] and significant decreases in independent functioning in both soldiers and returning vetera...
Psychotherapy can be helpful in treatingmost mental health problems, including: Anxiety disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), phobias, panic disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder. Which severe mental illness is recogni...
In the initial stage, bipolar stimulating electrodes (Plastic Products .018-312-.0 10) were implanted in the lateral hypothalamic area of rats . The animals were anesthetized with Equithesin and were placed in a stereotaxic instrument . With the head of the subject level between lambda and ...
Participants were excluded if they: 1) were diagnosed with schizophrenia and a bipolar or other psychotic disorder; 2) had untreated, active major depressive disorder; 3) reported past or current symptoms of physiological dependence on alcohol or other drugs, excluding nicotine or cannabis (i.e.,...
However, goal conflict was assessed on a bipolar scale ranging from instrumental (negative values) to conflicting (positive values) and the observed mean of 'goal conflict' was negative and within a range that would be considered as goal facilitation. The observed association may be more ...
These findings are applicable to goal-directed action and stimulus-based responding in that they most likely are also independent systems but become bipolar in extreme environments. Gray [45,46] proposed two general systems as the basis of behavior and affect, namely the behavioral inhibition system...
Participants with AN had no history of other eating disorders and were right-handed without a history of head trauma, neurological disease, major medical illness, bipolar disorder, psychosis, or current (past 3 months) substance use disorder. Healthy control participants did not have a lifetime ...
with AN had no history of other eating disorders and were right-handed without a history of head trauma, neurological disease, major medical illness, bipolar disorder, psychosis, or current (past 3 months) substance use disorder. Healthy control participants did not have a lifetime psychiatric ...