GPT2: Glutamic pyruvic transaminase 2 GS: Glutamine synthetase IDH: Isocitrate dehydrogenase ISR: Integrated stress response MM: Multiple myeloma mTORC1: mTOR complex 1 mTORC2: mTOR complex 2 NDRG2: N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 NEAA: Nonessential amino acid PC: Plasma cell ...
Axin2 cells also express glutamine synthetase (GS), which detoxifies the ammonia entering the liver circulation. However, both Axin2 and GS expression is maintained by the Wnt/尾-catenin pathway derived from the central vein endothelium. Because no suitable antibody that detects perivenular Axin2...
The GCN2 signaling pathway is activated in response to amino acids starvation through the binding of uncharged transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to GCN2. As with other eIF2α kinases, GCN2 activation leads to severe inhibition of de novo protein synthesis while allowing translation of stress-regulated mRNAs...
(59) also showed that LAP and LIP appear to act as an activator and repressor for transcription of asparagine synthetase, another nutrient-responsive gene, as overexpression of LAP increased asparagine synthetase gene transcription in HepG2 hepatoma cells, whereas LIP blocked enhanced asparagine synthet...
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et al. Oncogenic Myc induces expression of glutamine synthetase through promoter demethylation. Cell Metab. 22, 1068–1077 (2015). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Chakrabarti, G. et al. Targeting glutamine metabolism sensitizes pancreatic cancer to PARP-driven metabolic catastrophe ...
liver transaminases (GPT and GOT1/2, as described in Table 1), but including isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 (IDH1) and 2 (IDH2) and the transcription factor hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha, because they are involved in the regulation of liver transaminases and glutamine synthetase[21] (Figure 2)...
[51]. We show that the modulation of the Gln/Glu pathway is strongly affecting macrophage functions. The inhibition of glutamine synthetase (GLUL) promotes the induction of IL-1β, however, only in the presence of glutamine via the stabilization of HIF-1α and the accumulation of succinate [...
Anti-DNA-peroxidase (POD), which reacts with the DNA part of the nucleosome, was quantified based on the formation of an immunocomplex with ABTS (2,2′-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate6]). Thus, cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments were quantitative. The Cancer Genome Atlas ...
The methods of the invention include the direct creation of transgenic plants with the cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase promoter by genetic transformation, as well as by plant breeding methods. The sequences of the invention represent a valuable new tool for the creation of transgenic plants, ...