In insects, glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme in the synthesis of glutamine, has been reported to be associated with embryonic development, heat shock response, and fecundity regulation. However, little is known about the influence of GS on postembryonic development. In this study, we ...
Glutamic pyruvic transaminase 2 GS: Glutamine synthetase IDH: Isocitrate dehydrogenase ISR: Integrated stress response MM: Multiple myeloma mTORC1: mTOR complex 1 mTORC2: mTOR complex 2 NDRG2: N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 NEAA: Nonessential amino acid PC: Plasma cell PD-1:...
Amino acid-mediated transcriptional regulation has been reported for a small number of genes such as asparagine synthetase (48), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) (49), and collagen Iα (50). To date, the amino acid-response elements, which are cis-elements within the promoter of a gene ...
ASCT2(SLC1A5) expression was significantly decreased (2.34-fold,P=0.0286). Expression of several master regulators of tumour metabolism was altered, including a significant reduction (2.26-fold,P=0.0286) in oncogenicMYC(amplified in HCC1806 cells35) and...
(Fig.2C, middle and lower panels) only in MDA-MB468 cells. In this respect, glutamine independence of T47D cells with a luminal phenotype has recently been correlated with elevated levels of glutamine synthetase (GLUL)29. Next, we investigated the role of the GCN2 and PERK pathways in ...
Incubation of the cells with [C]glutamine gave steady-state recoveries of C-label (estimated as exogenous glutamine) in the glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate pools, of 103%, 80%, and 25%, respectively, indicating that glutamine synthetase activity was absent and that a significant proportion ...
Glutamine Synthetase 1 Glutamine Synthetase 2 Glutamine Synthetase Translational Inhibitor glutamine transaminase Glutamine transaminase K Glutamine, phenylpyruvate transaminase Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase Glutamine-Independent Variant Glutamine-Penicillin-Streptomycin glutamine-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase ...
liver transaminases (GPT and GOT1/2, as described in Table 1), but including isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 (IDH1) and 2 (IDH2) and the transcription factor hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha, because they are involved in the regulation of liver transaminases and glutamine synthetase[21] (Figure 2)...
[51]. We show that the modulation of the Gln/Glu pathway is strongly affecting macrophage functions. The inhibition of glutamine synthetase (GLUL) promotes the induction of IL-1β, however, only in the presence of glutamine via the stabilization of HIF-1α and the accumulation of succinate [...
et al. Oncogenic Myc induces expression of glutamine synthetase through promoter demethylation. Cell Metab. 22, 1068–1077 (2015). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Chakrabarti, G. et al. Targeting glutamine metabolism sensitizes pancreatic cancer to PARP-driven metabolic catastrophe ...