therefore is involved in RNA andDNA synthesisandcell proliferation. In addition it is a constituent of thetripeptideglutathione, which is the principal intracellular antioxidant in eukaryotes (see cysteine and glycine in the Sections Cysteine,Cystine,Methionine, and Taurine and Glycine,Serine, and ...
In particular, glutamine plays a vital role in this process not only by providing a carbon source to the TCA cycle but also by acting as a nitrogen source for the biosynthesis of alanine, aspartate, and serine (Fig. 1)8. Therefore, the role of aminotransferases such as glutamate pyruvate ...
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Serine and glycine metabolism, derived from glycolytic 3-phosphoglycerate, provide advantages for cell growth, such as nucleotide synthesis, DNA methylation, glutathione production and NADPH generation. After feeding all branching pathways, the excess of glycolytic flux is converted to lactate to preserve...
Glutamate synthase (glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase, aka GOGAT) is a key enzyme at the intersection of nitrogen and carbon metabolism that catalyzes the synthesis of glutamate from glutamine and the TCA cycle intermediate 2-oxoglutarate.
Together with directing glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle (discussed below), aminotransferases are responsible for the use of glutamine’s amino group to produce amino acids, including alanine, aspartate and serine. The alanine aminotransferase enzymes (cytosolic GPT1 and mitochondrial GPT2) catalyse...
Glutamine metabolism plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, immune cell function, and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Dysregulated glutamine metabolism has been implicated in cancer development and immune responses, supported by mounti
11.Manhart N, Vierlinger K, Spittler A, Bergmeister H, Sautner T, Roth E. Oral feeding with glutamine prevents lymphocyte and glutathione depletion of Peyer's patches in endotoxemic mice.Ann Surg. 2001;234:92-97.[Cited in This Article:1] ...
34. Core tissues expressed higher levels of HIF-1α, consistent with the notion that core regions of solid tumors are hypoxic (Fig.2h). Furthermore, metabolomic analysis showed that core tissues had significantly lower levels of several metabolites including glutamine, arginine, serine, and ...
by partial purification and amino acid sequencing. The reactive centers of all but one of the serpins resemble the glutamine-rich repetitive sequences in prolamin storage proteins of wheat grain. Five of the serpins, classified into two protein Z subfamilies, WSZ1 and WSZ2, have been cloned...