Global Mean Surface Temperature As greenhouse gas concentrations rise, so does global mean surface temperature (GMST). GMST is measured using a combination of air temperature over land, and sea surface temperature in ocean areas, typically expressed as a difference from a baseline period....
ProvisionalStateoftheGlobalClimate2023Keymessages Theglobalmeannear-surfacetemperaturein2023(toOctober)wasaround1.40±0.12°Cabovethe1850–1900average.BasedonthedatatoOctober,itisvirtuallycertainthat2023willbethewarmestyearinthe174-yearobserva甘onalrecord,surpassingthepreviousjointwarmestyears,2016at1.29±0.12°Cab...
SURFACE temperatureGlobal-mean surface temperature rapidly increased 0.29 ± 0.04 K from 2022 to 2023. Such a large interannual global warming spike is not unprecedented in the observational record, with a previous instance occurring in 1976–1977. However, why such large globa...
Global Mean Surface Temperature As greenhouse gas concentrations rise, so does global mean surface temperature (GMST). GMST is measured using a combination of air temperature over land, and sea surface temperature in ocean areas, typically expressed as a difference from a baseline period....
During the two millennia prior to the 20thCentury, global mean surface temperature (GMST) cooled at a rate of roughly −0.15 °C per 1000 years1. Not well known, however, is: when did the multi-millennial cooling begin, and has recent global warming exceeded the maximum GMST of the...
Likewise, for TXn and TNx, the northwest of China also has the largest incremental changes, indicating that when global mean surface temperature is arrested at 1.5 °C rather than 2.0 °C, the TXx and TNx would decrease by far more than 25%. In contrast, the values of TXx, SU and...
In the Achieved Commitments scenario, for example, global energy-related CO2 emissions are expected to peak around 2023 and decline by 69 percent to 11 gigatons of CO2 (GtCO2) by 2050. Across these scenarios, the global mean surface air temperature (GSAT) is expected to increase by 1.7º...
with the climate system,” it is necessary to consider inertia and uncertainty in the climate, ecological, and socioeconomic systems; assess possible risks of climate change from more comprehensive and intuitive perspectives; and relate the risks with global mean near-surface air temperature. As...
So far in 2024, global ocean temperatures are already continuing the warm trend seen throughout most of 2023. As shown above, on January 11, 2024, the daily sea surface temperature was 21.1°C — setting a new record for the day at 0.5°C wa...
Global Mean Surface Temperature As greenhouse gas concentrations rise, so does global mean surface temperature (GMST). GMST is measured using a combination of air temperature over land, and sea surface temperature in ocean areas, typically expressed as a difference from a baseline period. ...