Here, we discuss the potential links between viviparous embryogenesis and derived developmental features in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum , particularly focusing on germline specification and axis determination, both of which are key events of early development in insects. We also discuss potential ...
Since BSE induces PGCLC specification but hinders their subsequent development (Fig.1d), we first induced PGCLCs with BSE and replaced it with Ra on day 2 and with Ra/ActA on day 3, which resulted in a robust expression of CDH5 and DMRT1 in PGCLCs over 8 days (38.6% NANOS3+DMRT1...
An essential developmental pathway in sexually reproducing animals is the specification of germ cells and the differentiation of mature gametes, sperm and oocytes. The “germline” genes vasa, nanos and piwi are commonly identified in primordial germ cells, suggesting a molecular signature for the germ...
lower proportion of cells (2–20%) than VEE mutations, consistent with them arising during later embryonic cell divisions, prior to PGC specification (after ~10 cell divisions). Peri-PGC mutations were observed shared among two or more offspring of the same parents and so are likely parental ...
Embryonic mutations that arise after the germline specification are not expected to affect thesomatic cellsof the same individual. Nevertheless, they can be passed on to any offspring and potentially have implications for their health. Mutations occurring earlier in germline development affect a larger ...
Moreover, an oxidizing environment inhibits their specification and causes ectopic differentiation (Kelliher and Walbot, 2012, Whipple, 2012). MULTIPLE ARCHESPORIAL CELLS 1 (MAC1) was identified as another key regulator for archesporial cell formation. Mutation of the gene caused several additional...
Specification of PGCs and their proliferation during early stages are crucial to ensure that sufficient number of PGCs can reach the gonads and differentiate into gametes. A large body of literature has demonstrated that before migrating into the gonads, PGC development relies heavily on translational ...
embryonic stem cellsprimordial germ cellsIn humans, germline competency and the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) are thought to occur in a restricted developmental window during early embryogenesis. Despite the importance of specifying the appropriate number of PGCs for human reproduction, ...
germline specification in mammals and urodele amphibians utilises a different strategy than that ofDrosophila,Xenopus, and zebrafish. In the former group the germline is specified in the early embryo by means of induction, which in mice occurs via BMP/Wnt signalling42, whereas in the latter group...
(Fig.5a). Expression profiles of the 235 TF genes showed expression waves along the developmental trajectory, suggesting an intricate regulation of germline cell-fate determination. The functions of some of the TFs in germline specification have been reported, includingKNU,AG,E2FA, E2FB, andE2FC2...