Gotha is a city of 45,000 people in Thuringia. The main sights of Gotha are the early-modern Friedenstein Castle, one of the largest Renaissance Baroque castles in Germany, the medieval city centre and the Gründerzeit buildings of 19th-century commercial boom....
It is one of the most important examples of 19th-century Romantic architecture remaining in Germany. Located on an island in the city’s lake and surrounded by a beautiful park, it has a rich history that dates back to the 9th century. Over the years, it served as a residence for ...
which was important in the German humanist movement and in the Counter-Reformation, was founded in Ingolstadt in 1472 but was moved toLandshutin 1800 and toMunichin 1826. A garrison and fortress town in the 19th century, Ingolstadt was damaged considerably inWorld War II. The city was reconstr...
when the French Revolutionary forces occupied the city. In 1815 Bonn was awarded to Prussia by theCongress of Vienna. There was little development until the second half of the 19th century, when the city became a fashionable residential town. It was severely damaged duringWorld War II. Developme...
The development of ironworks, steelworks, and coal mines during the 19th century stimulated Essen’s rapid growth from a small town (about 3,000 inhabitants in 1802) to the largest industrial city in the Ruhr coalfield. It was occupied by the French (1923–25) and suffered heavy destruction...
The oldest of the Wittelsbach residences, the Old Court, has retained its medieval appearance. The presentResidencedates from the 16th century, but the style of every period up to the 19th century was tried out on it with superb effect; the building was destroyed in World War II but has ...
(reigned 1816–64), establishing a bicameral legislature. Württemberg was a centre of liberalism in 19th-century Germany. It joined the Zollverein (Customs Union) with Prussia in 1834, but King Charles (1864–91) sided with Austria in theSeven Weeks’ War(1866) and was forced to pay an...
There was little development until the second half of the 19th century, when the city became a fashionable residential town. It was severely damaged during World War II. Development was accelerated after 1949, when Bonn was chosen as the provisional capital of West Germany, and in 1969 it was...
the river has been one of Europe’s leading transport routes. Until the 19th century the goods transported were of high value but relatively small in volume, but since the second half of the 19th century the volume of goodsconveyedon the river has increased greatly. The fact that cheap water...
(reigned 1816–64), establishing a bicameral legislature. Württemberg was a centre of liberalism in 19th-century Germany. It joined the Zollverein (Customs Union) with Prussia in 1834, but King Charles (1864–91) sided with Austria in theSeven Weeks’ War(1866) and was forced to pay an...